Although the majority of small-scale fisheries are found in developing nations, a considerable number exist in developed nations as well. Small-scale fisheries are strongly represented in all European Union (EU) Member States, 81% and 87% of the EU 25 whole fleet is composed of vessels less than 12 and 15 m long, respectively. In 2000, European regulation established a fishery data collection framework including economic information requirements in order to provide the scientific basis for the implementation of the Common Fisheries Policy. This paper presents the methodology designed to collect the relevant economic data and characterize the status of the French fleets from an economic perspective. Based on a stratified sampling plan including the following of small-scale fleets, data collection by field survey is based on a single questionnaire for all the fleets, whatever the size of the vessel, the gear used, the fishing area or the species targeted. It provides a large dataset including earnings and costs but also capital, employment, fishing activity figures. Statistical analysis through a revenue model gives the basis for a re-assessment of the smallscale fisheries contribution to national production. Economic indicators such as gross added value, rents, and direct employment are derived from the dataset. The significant role of small-scale fisheries in the French fishing sector is established and the use of indicators in bioeconomic analysis is discussed.