Sinking rates, orientation, and behavior of pennate diatoms
Résumé
Phytoplankton cells are now recognized as dynamic entities rather than as
passive and isolated particles because they can actively modulate impacts of
selection factors (nutrients, light, turbidity, and mixing) through a wide range
of adaptations. Cell shape and/or chain length modulation is one of these
processes but has predominantly been studied as an adaptation or an accli-
matation to a specific growth limitation (light, nutrients, predation, etc.). In this
study we have demonstrated that cell shape and size may have greater roles
than previously known in phytoplankton ecology and species adaptation by
permitting cell-to-cell signaling and more complex ecological processes that
result from it. By exploring microscale biophysical interactions that lead to
specific cell reorientation processes, we demonstrated that cell geometry not
only modulates cell sinking rates but can also provide fast sensor responses
to the cells' environment. Although gyrotaxis has been described in detail for
motile phytoplankton cells, our findings illustrate that the reorientation pro-
cess described here can occur even in non-motile cells within their natural en-
vironment. An additional consistent behavior was also recently described for
a diatom species (Pseudo-nitzschia delicatessima), and with this study, we
extend this observation to Pseudo-nitzschia pungens and Pseudo-nitzschia
fraudulenta. Our observations emphasize the generality of this process,
which adds a new level of complexity to our understanding of cellular interac-
tions and their network of sensors.
Mots clés
FCM
flow cytometry FWS
forward scatter LISST
laser in-situ scattering and transmissometry PCR
polymerase chain reaction TEM
transmission electron microscopy behavior
diatom
interaction
microscale
pennate
Pseudo-nitzschia
settlement
flow cytometry
FWS
forward scatter
LISST
laser in-situ scattering and transmissometry
PCR
polymerase chain reaction
TEM
Domaines
Sciences de l'environnement
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