In 1918, youth organizations were formed in Alsace, particularly in Strasbourg, between France and Germany. This article aims first of all to understand the modalities of their development in the post-war period, by showing, in particular, their diversity (there are indeed Scout movements, religious associations, etc., both of which propose to supervise the youth). This article also attempts to understand the position about issues of national identity of these groups, that educate and train youth, and promote an original form of body education. The youth movements, heirs of the associations of the Reichsland period on which they are based – although this heritage must often be nuanced – differ in their relationship with France. This rapprochement cannot be understood without the reference to a true regional ethos or, in other words, an “Alsatian identity”.