Since September 1st 2011, the National Bureau for Compensation of Medical Accidents represents a unique portal for out-of-court settlement of litigations concerning the harm caused by benfluorex. In December 2012, its official record is as follows: 7627 patients files have been received, 1378 have been studied, 797 led to a recommendation, and compensation by the drug company Servier has been recommended for 46 cases. The large number of rejections raises a problem which needs to be examined in the light of the available evidence on benfluorex associated heart valve disease. This evidence concerns both the morphological characteristics of the disease and the epidemiology of its association with benfluorex. More than 90% of emergent double valve disease (aortic and mitral regurgitation), of emergent aortic valve regurgitation, and of prevalent grade 2 aortic valve regurgitation are attributable to benfluorex. The proportion of benfluorex-attributable disease is larger than 75% for prevalent double valve disease, or for prevalent aortic valve regurgitation of any grade. This probabilistic information, derived from the available epidemiological studies, needs to be considered as part of the evidence to establish or refute a causal link between benfluorex and valvular disease for a given patient, particularly if the patient has a low grade valvular insufficiency or no morphological anomaly.