One of the large compounds of the planetary ecosystem is the marine environment in where different physical, chemical, biological and ecological processes occur, and the world society development depends on these processes. The marine environment has a bidirectional relationship with the climate: 1) it takes part in the planetary ecosystem and in the matter (gases) and energy (heat) cycles that regulate the Earth climate; and 2) it is affected by the climate. Changes in the marine environment affect the climate and viceversa. For several countries, the marine and coastal spaces are the driving force of development and the surviving base for social communities. The half of Colombian territory is an oceanic space where there are different ecosystems which are an important ecological, socioeconomic and cultural element of the Colombian nation. These ocean spaces take part in the global carbon cycle and have an important role on the greenhouse effect regulation that maintains the Earth climate. This study proposes the relationship between climate change and Colombian marine environment. It pretends to show the possible changes in the marine environment produced by the climate change and to study the potential impact in order to support programmes for the adaptation to the new conditions. Likewise, it pretends to show the role of the Colombian maritime areas in the global climate system for using it as an additional argument for the conservation and negotiation element on the framework of Climate Change Convention and Biological Biodiversity.