The article discusses the establishment and history of ethnological discipline in Brittany, France, which is traces by the authors over the two-century span from the period of pioneering folklore collection to the present day. The authors examine various aspects and features that set the Breton ethnological tradition apart as a specific and distinctive sholarly tradition in France. Throughout their examination, they focus on an array of themes, such as the connection between the discipline and ethngraphic museums, the context of university institutionalization and learning, the outreach to the public, the involvement with cultural heritage programs, and the others.