Uptake and regeneration of nitrogen in the Almeria-Oran frontal zone (SW Mediterranean) and adjacent (Atlantic and Mediterranean) systems were studied during the Almofront I cruise (JGOFS-France). The frontal zone was characterized by an upsloping of nitracline from about 50 m in the adjacent systems to 25-30 m within. Along with nitrate, ammonium, chlorophyll a and particulate organic nitrogen also were at higher concentrations in the frontal zone than in the adjacent waters. The nitrate uptake rates were significantly higher in the frontal zone (up to 6.4 nmol l(-1) h(-1)) than in the Atlantic and Mediterranean waters (generally <1 nmol l(-1) h(-1)) indicating a significant increase of new production at the front. This increase was related to the upsloping of the nitracline as shown by the significant correlation (p<0.05) between new production and depth of the nitracline. The new production in the Almeria-Oran was much lower than those recorded in other oceanic and coastal fronts. This could be related to the fact that the nitracline did not rise up to the surface and the high concentrations of nitrate were confined to deeper layers where the ambient light intensity was less. Nitrate uptake in the frontal zone was significantly higher, by 1.7-5.8 times (average 4.2), than the calculated diffusive flux of nitrate, suggesting that vertical advection may be an important source of nitrate. New production rates at the front were also significantly higher (3-9 times, average 5.8) than the PON flux to 100 m depth estimated by sediments traps (Journal of Marine Systems 5, 377-389), suggesting a strong decoupling between surface production and downward flux of POM in the frontal zone. The north-south gradient observed with different parameters indicates the presence of a transfrontal secondary circulation. This distribution also suggests that the primary production in the front is initially nitrate-based, with a diatom-herbivore food chain, whereas regenerated production, associated with an intense recycling of organic matter, later becomes progressively important in time and space. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.