, Chapitre Oil spill risk assessment in Indonesian Fisheries Management Area

I. , , p.62

S. Data, , p.65

.. , , p.66

M. Protected, A. Data, and .. , , p.71

.. , , p.74

, Socio-economic data for fishing activities, tourism services and salt ponds 75

.. Proposed, , p.77

, 4.3.2 Environmental and socio-economical vulnerability indices, p.80

4. , 3 Global FMA-level risk index, p.83

.. , MPA-level vulnerability analysis, p.84

D. Results,

M. , , p.89

D. Conclusion, , p.101

, 1 ? Map of the study area with Indonesian Fisheries Management areas in blue Indonesian land territory (in white) and its neighboring country Marine Protected Area (in red) and ship density map estimated from AIS data to be used as potential source of unintentional and intentional oil spills (in green triangle) Our study area comprise the Indonesian marine waters. From Ministerial Decree Number 18 on 2014, they were divided into 11 Fisheiries Management Areas (FMA), namely : (1) FMA 571 for Malacca Strait and Andaman Sea) FMA 711 for Karimata Strait, Natuna Sea and South China Sea, Data and Study area 4.2 Data and Study area 4.2.1 Study Area Figure 4) FMA 572 for Indian Ocean of Western Sumatera and Sunda Strait, (3) FMA 573 for Indian Ocean of Southern Java, Southern Nusa Tenggara, Savu Sea, and Western Timor Sea) FMA 712 for Java Sea) FMA 713 for Makassar Strait) FMA 716 for Sulawesi Sea and Northern of Halmahera Island10) FMA 717 for Cendrawasih Bay and Pacific Ocean and

A. Bay, Arafuru Sea and Eastern Timor Sea. Each FMA comprises Marine Protected Areas (MPA). The 11 FMA and the associated MPA are shown in Figure

, above FMA-level analysis, we performed a vulnerability analysis at finer space and time scales within the two high-risk FMA, namely FMA 711 and 712. We applied the scheme detailed in Section 4.3.7. For FMA 711, we ran Mobidrift simulations with 107 source points from the vessel density map. One simulation example is illustrated in Figure 4.7 for condition on North West monsoon, 4.9 for condition on SouthEast monsoon, 4.8 and 4.10 for condition on Transition 1 and Transition 2 monsoon, MPA-level risk assessment -level risk assessment Based on the these simulations the position of the oil spill source is

, days) for different metocean conditions from January to December. The seasonal variability of these metocean conditions clearly affect the drift of the oil spill and its impacts on nearby MPA

, oil spill mostly drifts to the SouthEast and threats MPA 711.9. During the North West monsoon period, the oil spill drifts towards MPA 711, During the SouthEast monsoon period, pp.11-711

, We also report simulation examples for FMA 712, which involve 357 oil spill source points, in Figure 4.11. In these simulations, the oil spill source is located 5 ? 30' 0 " S and 106 ? 54

, We ran the simulation with 3-day and 6-day durations for metocean conditions from January to December. From these simulations, the SouthEast monsoon period

, During the North West monsoon, on December, the drift impacted MPA 711.1 for 6-day simulations By contrast, on January and February the drift was directed towards MPA 711.3. From March to May (Transition 2) the simulations showed that MPA 711.3 is still under threat on March but no more on April and May, where the drift is directed towards MPA 711.1. We synthesized the outputs of these simulations through the number of particles entering each MPA in Table 4 respectively for FMA 711 and 712, 3-day and 6-day simulations. We computed the mean vulnerability indices for each MPA in Table 4.17 for FMA 711, MPA-level vulnerability indices (4.7) are given in Table 4.13

, MPA Number of simulated oil spill particles entering a MPA

, MPA-level risk assessment

, Table 4.16 ? MPA-level vulnerability indices in FMA 712 issued from oil spill drift simulations for a 6-day drift duration and

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