Understanding the reproductive biology of a species is an important means of determining the renewal capacity of natural stocks, especially in the case of heavily exploited species. It is a fundamental element in supporting the implementation of management measures. Here, we studied the bloody cockle ( S. senilis) in the Sine-Saloum, with the aim of describing its seasonal and spatial reproductive cycle. S. senilis reproduction was studied over an annual cycle at two sites chosen for their contrasting situations along the upstream-downstream gradient. The reproductive cycle was studied by histological analysis of a pool of individuals maintained in-situ and sampled throughout the year. Our results showed that gamete maturation is asynchronous within and between individuals. Gametogenesis mostly occurred in October. The maturation stage showed a seasonal pattern with continuous reproduction throughout the year, with two preferred periods between May and July and December and February. The reproductive cycle is highly dependent on temperature and salinity variations, resulting in a seasonal cycle and spatial heterogeneity. The temperature induces gametogenesis and salinity synchronizes the spawning periods.