Genetic population structure across Brittany and the downstream Loire basin provides new insights on the demographic history of Western Europe

Isabel Alves; Joanna Giemza; Michael Blum; Carolina Bernhardsson; Stéphanie Chatel; Matilde Karakachoff; Aude Saint Pierre; Anthony Herzig; Robert Olaso; Martial Monteil; Véronique Gallien; Elodie Cabot; Emma Svensson; Delphine Bacq-Daian; Estelle Baron; Charlotte Berthellier; Céline Besse; Hélène Blanché; Ozvan Bocher; Anne Boland; Stéphanie Bonnaud; Eric Charpentier; Claire Dandine-Roulland; Claude Férec; Christine Fruchet; Simon Lecointe; Edith Le Floch; Thomas Ludwig; Gaëlle Marenne; Vincent Meyer; Elisabeth Quellery; Fernando Racimo; Karen Rouault; Florian Sandron; Jean-Jacques Schott; Lourdes Velo Suarez; Jade Violleau; Eske Willerslev; Yves Coativy; Mael Jézéquel; Daniel Le-Bris; Clément Nicolas; Yvan Pailler; Marcel Goldberg; Marie Zins; Hervé Le-Marec; Mattias Jakobsson; Pierre Darlu; Emmanuelle Génin; Jean-François Deleuze; Richard Redon; Christian Dina

doi:10.1101/2022.02.03.478491

Special Issue Year : 2022

Genetic population structure across Brittany and the downstream Loire basin provides new insights on the demographic history of Western Europe

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Isabel Alves

Function : Author

Joanna Giemza

Function : Author

ITX-lab unité de recherche de l'institut du thorax UMR1087 UMR6291

Michael Blum

Function : Author

Owkin France

Carolina Bernhardsson

Function : Author

Stéphanie Chatel

Function : Author

Matilde Karakachoff

Function : Author

Aude Saint Pierre

Function : Author

Anthony Herzig

Function : Author

Génétique, génomique fonctionnelle et biotechnologies (UMR 1078)

Robert Olaso

Function : Author

Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine

Laboratory of Excellence GENMED [Paris]

Martial Monteil

Function : Author
PersonId : 182072
IdHAL : martial-monteil
ORCID : 0000-0002-9455-1078
IdRef : 031790135

Centre de Recherche en Archéologie, Archéosciences, Histoire

Véronique Gallien

Function : Author

Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives

Culture et Environnements, Préhistoire, Antiquité, Moyen-Age

Elodie Cabot

Function : Author

Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives - Centre de recherches archéologiques de Cesson-Sévigné

Emma Svensson

Function : Author

Delphine Bacq-Daian

Function : Author

Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine

Institut de Biologie François JACOB

Estelle Baron

Function : Author

ITX-lab unité de recherche de l'institut du thorax UMR1087 UMR6291

Charlotte Berthellier

Function : Author

Céline Besse

Function : Author

Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine

Hélène Blanché

Function : Author

Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain

Fondation Jean Dausset CEPH

Ozvan Bocher

Function : Author

Génétique, génomique fonctionnelle et biotechnologies (UMR 1078)

Helmholtz Zentrum München = German Research Center for Environmental Health

Anne Boland

Function : Author

Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine

Stéphanie Bonnaud

Function : Author

Eric Charpentier

Function : Author

Claire Dandine-Roulland

Function : Author

Claude Férec

Function : Author

Christine Fruchet

Function : Author

Simon Lecointe

Function : Author

Edith Le Floch

Function : Author

Thomas Ludwig

Function : Author

Gaëlle Marenne

Function : Author

Vincent Meyer

Function : Author

Elisabeth Quellery

Function : Author

Fernando Racimo

Function : Author

Karen Rouault

Function : Author

Florian Sandron

Function : Author

Jean-Jacques Schott

Function : Author

Lourdes Velo Suarez

Function : Author

Jade Violleau

Function : Author

Eske Willerslev

Function : Author

Yves Coativy

Function : Author

Mael Jézéquel

Function : Author

Daniel Le-Bris

Function : Author

Clément Nicolas

Function : Author

Yvan Pailler

Function : Author

Marcel Goldberg

Function : Author

Marie Zins

Function : Author

Hervé Le-Marec

Function : Author

Mattias Jakobsson

Function : Author

Pierre Darlu

Function : Author

Emmanuelle Génin

Function : Author

Jean-François Deleuze

Function : Author

Richard Redon

Function : Author

Christian Dina

Function : Author

Abstract

European genetic ancestry originates from three main ancestral populations - Western hunter-gatherers, early European farmers and Yamnaya Eurasian herders - whose edges geographically met in present-day France. Despite its central role to our understanding of how the ancestral populations interacted and gave rise to modern population structure, the population history of France has remained largely understudied. Here, we analysed 856 high-coverage whole-genome sequences along with genome-wide genotyping data of 3,234 present-day individuals from the northern half of France and merged them with publicly available present-day and ancient Europe-wide genotype datasets. We also analysed, for the first time, the whole-genome sequences of six medieval individuals (300-1100 CE) from Western France to gain insights into the genetic impact of what is commonly known as the Migration Period in Europe. We found extensive fine-scale population structure across Brittany and the downstream Loire basin, emphasizing the need for investigating local populations to better understand the distribution of rare and putatively deleterious variants across space. Overall, we observed an increased population differentiation between the northern and southern sides of the river Loire, which are characterised by different proportions of steppe vs. Neolithic-related ancestry. Samples from Western Brittany carry the largest levels of steppe ancestry and show high levels of allele sharing with individuals associated with the Bell Beaker complex, levels that are only comparable with those found in populations lying on the northwestern edges of Europe. Together, our results imply that present-day individuals from Western Brittany retain substantial legacy of the genetic changes that occurred in Northwestern Europe following the arrival of the Bell Beaker people c. 2500 BCE. Such genetic legacy may explain the sharing of disease-related alleles with other present-day populations from Western Britain and Ireland.

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Véronique Le Gall : Connect in order to contact the contributor

https://hal.univ-brest.fr/hal-04045175

Submitted on : Friday, March 24, 2023-4:11:43 PM

Last modification on : Monday, December 11, 2023-10:12:03 AM

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hal-04045175 , version 1 (24-03-2023)

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HAL Id : hal-04045175 , version 1
BIORXIV : 2022.02.03.478491
DOI : 10.1101/2022.02.03.478491

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Isabel Alves, Joanna Giemza, Michael Blum, Carolina Bernhardsson, Stéphanie Chatel, et al.. Genetic population structure across Brittany and the downstream Loire basin provides new insights on the demographic history of Western Europe. 2022, ⟨10.1101/2022.02.03.478491⟩. ⟨hal-04045175⟩

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Genetic population structure across Brittany and the downstream Loire basin provides new insights on the demographic history of Western Europe

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