Cationic Biphotonic Lanthanide Luminescent Bioprobes Based on Functionalized Cross‐Bridged Cyclam Macrocycles.
Abstract
Cationic lanthanide complexes are generally able to spontaneously internalize into living cells. Following our previous works based on diMe‐cyclen framework, a second generation of cationic water‐soluble lanthanide complexes based on a constrained cross‐bridged cyclam macrocycle functionalized with donor‐π‐conjugated picolinate antennas has been prepared with europium(III) and ytterbium(III). Their spectroscopic properties were thoroughly investigated in various solvents and rationalized with the help of DFT calculations. A significant improvement is observed in the case of the Eu 3+ complex, while the Yb 3+ analogous conserve an excellent brightness in aqueous solvent. Two‐photon (2P) microscopy imaging experiments on living T24 human cancer cells confirmed the spontaneous internalization of the probes and images with good signal‐to‐noise have been obtained in the classical NIR‐to‐visible configuration with Eu 3+ luminescent bioprobe and in the NIR‐to‐NIR with the Yb 3+ one.
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