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Postglacial climate changes and rise of three ecotypes of harbour porpoises, Phocoena phocoena, in western Palearctic waters.

Michaël C Fontaine 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 Kathleen Roland 6, 7 Isabelle Calves 8, 6 Frederic Austerlitz 3 Friso P Palstra 3 Krystal A Tolley 9, 10 Sean Ryan 1 Marisa Ferreira 11 Thierry Jauniaux 12 Angela Llavona 13 Bayram Oztürk 14, 15 Ayaka A Oztürk 14, 15 Vincent Ridoux 16, 17 Emer Rogan 18 Marina Sequeira 19 Ursula Siebert 20 Gísli A Vikingsson 21 Asunción Borrell 22 Johan R Michaux 6 Alex Aguilar 22
1 Department of Biological Sciences [Notre Dame]
2 ESE - Ecologie Systématique et Evolution
3 EA - Éco-Anthropologie
4 CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
5 AgroParisTech
6 UMR CBGP - Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations
7 URBE - Biologie environnementale et évolutive
Département de Biologie
8 LEMAR - Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR)
9 Applied Biodiversity Research South African National Biodiversity institute
10 Department of Botany and Zoology
11 Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology - CBMA (Braga, Portugal)
12 Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire [Liège]
13 CEMMA
14 Faculty of fisheries
15 TUDAV
16 LIENSs - LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMRi 7266
17 PELAGIS - Observatoire PELAGIS UMS 3462
LIENSs - LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMRi 7266
18 BEES - School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences [Cork]
19 Instituto de Conservaçao da natureza e das Florestas
20 Institute for Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife Research (ITAW)
21 Marine Research Institute
22 Department of Animal Biology and IRBio
Abstract : Despite no obvious barriers to gene flow in the marine realm, environmental variation and ecological specializations can lead to genetic differentiation in highly mobile predators. Here, we investigated the genetic structure of the harbour porpoise over the entire species distribution range in western Palearctic waters. Combined analyses of 10 microsatellite loci and a 5085 base-pair portion of the mitochondrial genome revealed the existence of three ecotypes, equally divergent at the mitochondrial genome, distributed in the Black Sea (BS), the European continental shelf waters, and a previously overlooked ecotype in the upwelling zones of Iberia and Mauritania. Historical demographic inferences using approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) suggest that these ecotypes diverged during the last glacial maximum (c. 23-19 kilo-years ago, kyrbp). ABC supports the hypothesis that the BS and upwelling ecotypes share a more recent common ancestor (c. 14 kyrbp) than either does with the European continental shelf ecotype (c. 28 kyrbp), suggesting they probably descended from the extinct populations that once inhabited the Mediterranean during the glacial and post-glacial period. We showed that the two Atlantic ecotypes established a narrow admixture zone in the Bay of Biscay during the last millennium, with highly asymmetric gene flow. This study highlights the impacts that climate change may have on the distribution and speciation process in pelagic predators and shows that allopatric divergence can occur in these highly mobile species and be a source of genetic diversity.
Keywords : climate changes Cetacea ACL allopatric divergence speciation upwelling
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https://hal.univ-brest.fr/hal-01019023
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Submitted on : Monday, July 7, 2014 - 9:41:03 AM
Last modification on : Thursday, October 8, 2020 - 4:34:01 PM

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CIRAD | AGROPARISTECH | CNRS | IUEM | UNIV-BREST | AGROPOLIS | UNIV-ROCHELLE | UNIV-MONTPELLIER | CMM | MNHN | MONTPELLIER-SUPAGRO | LEMAR | INRAE | UP-SCIENCES | INSU | INRA

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Michaël C Fontaine, Kathleen Roland, Isabelle Calves, Frederic Austerlitz, Friso P Palstra, et al.. Postglacial climate changes and rise of three ecotypes of harbour porpoises, Phocoena phocoena, in western Palearctic waters.. Molecular Ecology, Wiley, 2014, 23 (13), pp.3306-21. ⟨10.1111/mec.12817⟩. ⟨hal-01019023⟩

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