Postglacial climate changes and rise of three ecotypes of harbour porpoises, Phocoena phocoena, in western Palearctic waters.

Michaël C Fontaine 1, 2, 3, 4 Kathleen Roland 5 Isabelle Calves 5, 6 Frederic Austerlitz 1 Friso P Palstra 1 Krystal A Tolley 7, 8 Sean Ryan 2 Marisa Ferreira 9 Thierry Jauniaux 10 Angela Llavona 11 Bayram Oztürk 12, 13 Ayaka A Oztürk 12, 13 Vincent Ridoux 14, 15 Emer Rogan 16 Marina Sequeira 17 Ursula Siebert 18 Gísli A Vikingsson 19 Asunción Borrell 20 Johan R Michaux 5 Alex Aguilar 20
1 EAE - Eco-Anthropologie et Ethnobiologie
2 Department of Biological Sciences [Notre Dame]
3 ESE - Ecologie Systématique et Evolution
4 Marine Evolution and Conservation centre of Evolutionary and Ecological studies
5 CBGP - Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations
6 LEMAR - Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR)
7 Applied Biodiversity Research South African National Biodiversity institute
8 Department of Botany and Zoology
9 Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology - CBMA (Braga, Portugal)
10 Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire [Liège]
11 CEMMA
12 Faculty of fisheries
13 TUDAV
14 LIENSs - LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMR 7266
15 PELAGIS - Observatoire PELAGIS UMS 3462
LIENSs - LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMR 7266, CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique : UMS3462
16 School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences
17 Instituto de Conservaçao da natureza e das Florestas
18 Institute for Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife Research (ITAW)
19 Marine Research Institute
20 Department of Animal Biology and IRBio
Abstract : Despite no obvious barriers to gene flow in the marine realm, environmental variation and ecological specializations can lead to genetic differentiation in highly mobile predators. Here, we investigated the genetic structure of the harbour porpoise over the entire species distribution range in western Palearctic waters. Combined analyses of 10 microsatellite loci and a 5085 base-pair portion of the mitochondrial genome revealed the existence of three ecotypes, equally divergent at the mitochondrial genome, distributed in the Black Sea (BS), the European continental shelf waters, and a previously overlooked ecotype in the upwelling zones of Iberia and Mauritania. Historical demographic inferences using approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) suggest that these ecotypes diverged during the last glacial maximum (c. 23-19 kilo-years ago, kyrbp). ABC supports the hypothesis that the BS and upwelling ecotypes share a more recent common ancestor (c. 14 kyrbp) than either does with the European continental shelf ecotype (c. 28 kyrbp), suggesting they probably descended from the extinct populations that once inhabited the Mediterranean during the glacial and post-glacial period. We showed that the two Atlantic ecotypes established a narrow admixture zone in the Bay of Biscay during the last millennium, with highly asymmetric gene flow. This study highlights the impacts that climate change may have on the distribution and speciation process in pelagic predators and shows that allopatric divergence can occur in these highly mobile species and be a source of genetic diversity.
Keywords : Cetacea allopatric divergence climate changes speciation upwelling
Type de document :
Article dans une revue
Molecular Ecology, Wiley, 2014, 23 (13), pp.3306-21. 〈10.1111/mec.12817〉
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Soumis le : lundi 7 juillet 2014 - 09:41:03
Dernière modification le : mercredi 21 mars 2018 - 16:54:03

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Michaël C Fontaine, Kathleen Roland, Isabelle Calves, Frederic Austerlitz, Friso P Palstra, et al.. Postglacial climate changes and rise of three ecotypes of harbour porpoises, Phocoena phocoena, in western Palearctic waters.. Molecular Ecology, Wiley, 2014, 23 (13), pp.3306-21. 〈10.1111/mec.12817〉. 〈hal-01019023〉

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